Design earthing grids to IEEE 80 with touch and step voltage checks, size rod, plate and ring electrodes to BS 7430, assess lightning risk to IEC 62305-2 and size protection with the rolling sphere method, and check static bonding and ESD ignition risk.
IEEE 80 grid resistance, GPR and tolerable touch/step limits, plus BS 7430 electrode sizing. Mesh/step voltage pass-fail, layered soil and parallel electrodes are advanced features.
IEC 62305-1/2 risk assessment and risk management measures — collection area, structure risk and minimum LPS class. Connected-line risk and SPD/LEMP protection sizing are advanced features.
Single air-terminal protection radius against the IEC 62305 rolling sphere for a given LPS class.
Ground potential rise and touch voltage from an unbalanced neutral/earth current, checked against IEC 60364-4-41 limits.
Hazardous-area bonding/grounding resistance check against the NFPA 77 static-electricity dissipation threshold.
Capacitive discharge spark energy (E=½CV²) vs. atmosphere Minimum Ignition Energy, per IEC 60079-32-1 screening practice.
BS 7430 single-rod resistance-to-earth from soil resistivity and rod geometry, graded against the common 25Ω NEC 250.53(A)(2) practical threshold.
BS 7430 single-ring resistance-to-earth from soil resistivity, ring diameter and burial depth.
Why a low earthing resistance doesn't automatically mean a safe touch voltage, how the rolling sphere method actually works, and why bonding resistance and spark energy are two different hazards that both need checking.