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IEC 60079-11 / IEC 60079-14 entity concept11 min read

Worked Example: An IS Loop That Passes Voltage, Current and Power — But Fails on Cable Capacitance

Every basic entity-concept parameter checks out for this barrier and field device pairing — until a realistic 500 m cable run pushes total capacitance over the barrier's limit.

Scenario

Barrier (associated apparatus)Uo=28V, Io=93mA, Po=650mW, Co=0.083µF, Lo=4.2mH
Field device (IS apparatus)Vmax=30V, Imax=130mA, Pmax=1000mW, Ci=5nF, Li=0µH
Gas groupIIC (most stringent — e.g. hydrogen)
Field wiring500 m run, using standard 'unknown cable' assumptions: 197 pF/m, 0.656 µH/m

Step-by-step calculation

Step 1: Check the basic entity parameters: voltage, current, power

ParameterBarrier (safe side)Field device (limit)Result
VoltageUo = 28 VVmax = 30 VPASS — 28 ≤ 30
CurrentIo = 93 mAImax = 130 mAPASS — 93 ≤ 130
PowerPo = 650 mWPmax = 1000 mWPASS — 650 ≤ 1000

Step 2: Compute total cable capacitance and inductance for the 500 m run

cableCap = (pF/m x length) / 1000 cableInd = µH/m x length
(197 x 500) / 1000 = 98.5 nF 0.656 x 500 = 328 µH
Cable adds 98.5 nF and 328 µH

Step 3: Add the field device's own reactive parameters

totalCi = deviceCi + cableCap totalLi = deviceLi + cableInd
5 + 98.5 = 103.5 nF 0 + 328 = 328 µH
totalCi = 103.5 nF, totalLi = 328 µH

Step 4: Check whether the 1% rule permits using the barrier's full Co/Lo

IEC 60079-14's 1% rule allows using the full published Co/Lo (rather than halving both) if the field-side Li alone (excluding cable) is under 1% of Lo.

Li / (Lo x 1000) < 1%?
0 / (4.2 x 1000) = 0%
Rule applies — full Co (83 nF) and Lo (4.2 mH) may be used, no halving required

Step 5: Compare total capacitance and inductance against the barrier's limits

ParameterBarrier limitTotal (device + cable)Result
CapacitanceCo = 83 nF103.5 nFFAIL — 103.5 > 83
InductanceLo = 4200 µH328 µHPASS — 328 < 4200

Result summary

CheckRequirementActualStatus
Voltage, current, powerAll within barrier limitsAll pass✓ PASS
Total inductance≤ 4200 µH328 µH✓ PASS
Total capacitance≤ 83 nF103.5 nF✗ FAIL
This combination fails overall — not on voltage, current or power, which all clear their limits comfortably, but specifically on total capacitance: the 500 m cable run alone contributes 98.5 nF, pushing total capacitance to 103.5 nF against an 83 nF barrier limit.

Key insight: A loop can pass every 'obvious' entity-concept check (voltage, current, power all look fine) and still fail intrinsic safety verification on cable capacitance or inductance — these reactive parameters are exactly what long cable runs quietly accumulate, and they're easy to overlook if the check stops at voltage/current/power without also totaling cable-contributed Ci and Li against the barrier's Co and Lo.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the practical fixes for this capacitance failure?

Shortening the cable run (roughly to under 400 m at this cable's 197 pF/m rating would bring total capacitance under 83 nF), using a lower-capacitance cable type, or selecting a barrier with a higher Co rating are the three main levers — the field device's own Ci (5 nF) is a small fraction of the total, so the cable is clearly the dominant contributor and the most effective place to intervene.

Why does inductance pass so comfortably while capacitance fails?

This particular cable's inductance-per-meter (0.656 µH/m) and the barrier's Lo (4200 µH) leave far more headroom relative to a 500 m run than the capacitance side does — but this balance is entirely cable- and barrier-specific; a different barrier/cable combination could just as easily show the opposite pattern, which is exactly why both parameters have to be checked independently rather than assuming one implies the other.

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