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ISO/IEC 30134-2 (PUE metric) — Green Grid informal efficiency bands7 min read

Worked Example: A Data Center Sitting Exactly on the PUE 1.5 Efficiency-Band Boundary

A facility drawing 1,500,000 kWh against 1,000,000 kWh of IT load lands on a PUE of exactly 1.5 — and the classification rule's strict less-than comparison puts it in the band below where a casual reading might expect.

Scenario

Total facility energy (measurement period)1,500,000 kWh
IT equipment energy (same period)1,000,000 kWh
Electricity rate$0.12 / kWh

Step-by-step calculation

Step 1: Compute PUE

PUE = totalFacilityEnergy / itEquipmentEnergy
1,500,000 / 1,000,000
PUE = 1.50 exactly

Step 2: Compute DCiE (the reciprocal, as a percentage)

DCiE = (itEquipmentEnergy / totalFacilityEnergy) x 100
(1,000,000 / 1,500,000) x 100
DCiE = 66.67%

Step 3: Compute overhead (non-IT) energy and its annual cost

overhead = total - it overheadCost = overhead x rate
1,500,000 - 1,000,000 = 500,000 kWh 500,000 x 0.12
overheadEnergyKwh = 500,000 kWh (33.33% of total), overheadAnnualCost = $60,000

Step 4: Classify the PUE against the Green Grid efficiency bands

The classification uses a strict less-than comparison at each band boundary: PUE < 1.2 is 'world-class', PUE < 1.5 is 'efficient', PUE < 2.0 is 'moderate', and so on. A PUE of exactly 1.5 does not satisfy 'PUE < 1.5', so it falls through to the next band down.

Result summary

CheckRequirementActualStatus
PUEn/a (this is the result)1.50✓ PASS
DCiEn/a (this is the result)66.67%✓ PASS
Efficiency band classificationn/a (informational)Moderate (PUE 1.5–2.0)✓ PASS
This facility's PUE of exactly 1.50 classifies as 'Moderate (PUE 1.5–2.0)' rather than 'Efficient (PUE 1.2–1.5)' — the boundary comparison is strictly less-than, so landing exactly on 1.5 places it in the lower band. The facility spends $60,000 a year on the 500,000 kWh of non-IT overhead energy, 33.33% of its total draw.

Key insight: Efficiency-band boundaries in any classification scheme need an explicit rule for values that land exactly on the boundary — this calculator treats a PUE of exactly 1.5 as belonging to the band below the 'efficient' threshold, since the 'efficient' band is defined as PUE < 1.5, not PUE ≤ 1.5. A facility this close to a band boundary is a reminder that small operational efficiency gains (a few percent off total facility energy) can be the difference between two full classification bands.

Try it with your own numbers

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Open Data Center PUE calculator →

Frequently asked questions

Are the Green Grid PUE bands an official ISO/IEC standard?

No — ISO/IEC 30134-2 standardizes the PUE metric itself and its measurement methodology, but the specific efficiency bands (world-class, efficient, moderate, poor, and so on) come from The Green Grid's widely-cited 2007 white paper, an informal industry reference scale rather than a formally mandated classification within the ISO/IEC standard itself.

What kinds of measures typically move a data center from 'moderate' toward 'efficient'?

Common levers include raising chilled-water or supply-air temperatures to reduce cooling energy, using free/economizer cooling during favorable outdoor conditions, improving UPS and power-distribution efficiency, and better hot-aisle/cold-aisle containment to reduce the fan and cooling energy needed per unit of IT load — all of which reduce the 'overhead' energy in the numerator without touching the IT equipment energy in the denominator.

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