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IEC 60364-5-529 min read

Worked Example: Sizing a 50 kW Three-Phase Feeder per IEC 60364-5-52

A 50 kW/415 V feeder where the smaller cable that looks fine on paper actually fails the ampacity check — and the next size up clears both checks comfortably.

Scenario

Load50 kW, 415 V three-phase, power factor 0.85
Conductor / insulationCopper, PVC (70°C)
Installation methodMethod C (clipped direct)
Route length50 m
Maximum permitted voltage drop5%

Step-by-step calculation

Step 1: Compute the design current (Ib)

Ib = (kW x 1000) / (√3 x V x PF)
Ib = 50,000 / (1.732 x 415 x 0.85)
Ib = 81.8 A

Step 2: Check a 16 mm² cable against ampacity

IEC 60364-5-52 Table B.52.4 (Method C, PVC 70°C, copper, three loaded conductors) gives the tabulated current-carrying capacity.

SizeTable ampacityRequired (Ib)Result
16 mm²76 A81.8 AFAILS — 76 A < 81.8 A

16 mm² looks like a reasonable first guess for an 82 A load, but it's 5.8 A short of the table rating.

Step 3: Step up to 25 mm² and recheck ampacity

SizeTable ampacityRequired (Ib)Result
25 mm²96 A81.8 APASSES — 96 A ≥ 81.8 A

Step 4: Verify voltage drop at 25 mm²

vd% = (mV/A·m x Ib x L) / (1000 x V) x 100
Using the app's mV/A/m table for 25 mm² Cu at PF 0.85, L = 50 m
vd = 10.98 V = 2.64%

2.64% is comfortably under the 5% limit, so voltage drop does not override the ampacity-driven selection here.

Result summary

CheckRequirementActualStatus
16 mm² ampacity≥ 81.8 A76 A✗ FAIL
25 mm² ampacity≥ 81.8 A96 A✓ PASS
25 mm² voltage drop≤ 5%2.64%✓ PASS
25 mm² Cu/PVC70 is the smallest cable that satisfies both checks — ampacity is the governing constraint for this relatively short 50 m run, not voltage drop.

Key insight: Ampacity and voltage drop are independent checks and either one can govern, depending on run length. Short, heavily loaded runs like this one are usually ampacity-limited; long, lightly loaded runs are usually voltage-drop-limited. Always check both rather than assuming one.

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Frequently asked questions

At what length would voltage drop start to govern instead?

Voltage drop scales linearly with length while ampacity doesn't change with length at all, so there's always some length beyond which voltage drop overtakes ampacity as the limiting factor. For this 25 mm² cable at 2.64% for 50 m, voltage drop would reach the 5% limit at roughly 95 m — beyond that, a longer run at the same load would need a larger cable purely to control voltage drop, even though 25 mm² would still pass on ampacity alone.

Why does this calculator's ampacity table matter so much?

This is exactly the table that was cross-checked cell-by-cell against the official IEC 60364-5-52:2009 standard PDF — two genuine transcription errors were found and corrected in that review (see the standards audit report), which is why every ampacity figure quoted in this example traces directly back to the standard's own published tables rather than a secondary/approximated source.

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